Male Dominance in Marriage Essay

The main female characters in Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper similarly provide the concept of male dominance in a traditional marriage. This is achieved through the vivid description of both Mrs. Mallard and the narrator’s emotional burdens as they fulfill their obligations as their husbands’ wives. Albeit not directly stated in any of the two stories, the very situations of the wives in the hands of their husbands already show the negative effects of male dominance in the emotional well-being of women in marriages. Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour may have started to establish the personality of Mrs. Mallard as a sensitive woman who dearly loves her husband. Gradually, Chopin reveals an ambiguity in the feelings of the character as she describes Mrs. Mallard that, â€Å"When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: ‘free, free, free! ’† (Chopin, ). Gradually, readers are given a wider view of how Mrs. Mallard feelings are becoming. â€Å"There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature† (Chopin, ). However, in the end, readers are implicitly informed that the cause of Mrs. Mallard’s death is due to the realization that her husband is actually alive. â€Å"When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease –of the joy that kills† (Chopin, ). The last statement gives out the message that the joy upon seeing her husband alive is not actually the reason for her death but rather because of the freedom that has been lost when he appeared at their doorstep. In this story, the Mrs. Mallard secretly endures a miserable life with her husband which can be blamed on women’s domesticity. After a moment of grief, she becomes glad that she is finally free from the demanding grasps of her husband. The pressures and demands brought about by the society’s claim that women’s role are merely for domestic purposes pushes Mrs. Mallard into being grateful for her husband’s death. This is, of course, a wrongful act however it is triggered by the character’s desire for liberation. Mrs. Mallard’s suppressed desire for liberation somewhat mirrors that of the narrator’s in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper. The problem of male dominance in a marriage can also be observed as the writer uncovers the mental and emotional effects of male dominance and social pressure to women. It is a story about the wickedness of confinement—literally and psychologically. In the story, the narrator’s husband locks her inside a room with yellow wallpaper because he believes that she would be cured of her post-partum depression due to recently giving birth. He thinks he could cure her by means of rest cure treatment. This symbolizes the very prison that the husband made for his wife when he married her. As a result, the wife resorts and depends on the images that the yellow wallpaper provides her. She begins to see images crawling and creeping inside it and starts hallucinating, thus, worsening the mental state of the wife. The story is an entire symbolism of women being manipulated fully by men. The husband’s way of taking charge of his wife’s mental health signifies the concept of male domination in the story. â€Å"If a physician of high standing, and one’s own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression—a slight hysterical tendency—what is one to do? † (Gilman, ). The narrator’s question reveals the powerlessness of a woman in her society if a â€Å"physician of higher standing† whom she refers as a man has already made a conclusion and solution against her will. In a thorough analysis, the husband symbolizes the patriarchal ascendancy that restricts women’s lives. They are expected to always follow and obey their husbands and fathers as they are believed to know the best for everyone. In Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour, readers are exposed to the concept of a wife trying to bear the news of her husband’s death and the ambiguity of her feelings towards it. In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, the author presents the ongoing problem of male dominance over females. Nonetheless, both stories deal with how husbands usually hold the authority in a household and the extremity of such authority can lead to esteem and emotional problems for women. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. â€Å"The Story of an Hour. † Literature and Society: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction. Eds. Pamela J. Annas and Robert C. Rosen. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009. pp. 358. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper. † Literature and society: an introduction to fiction, poetry, drama, nonfiction Eds. Pamela J. Annas and Robert C. Rosen. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009. pp. 307

Is music a good tool for health? Essay

According to the article, â€Å" Is Music a Good Tool for Health â€Å", by Elizabeth Scott, hospitals are using music as therapy to treat different illness, such as depression, pain, movement, and even cancer. First, the author states that research shows faster beats helps with concentration and focus, while slower music calms the mind. However, music has a lasting effect on an individual that is positive. Next, she claims that research also shows music therapy can help with breathing, heart rate, and relaxation. Lastly, she mentions that music can be used to control chronic stress and anxious. One Idea that I find significant from the article â€Å" Is Music a Good Tool for Health†, is â€Å" Hospitals are beginning to use music therapy to help with pain management, depression, to promote movement, to calm patients, to ease muscle tension, and other benefits. † In other words, music is beginning to have an important roll for different treatments in hospitals, by helping patients who suffers of different illnesses. One example that supports this idea is when I got pneumonia, two years ago. I had to stay in the hospital for like about two to three weeks, but the idea of staying there for that long was already killing me. The first two days were the worst days of my life, I remember how I didn’t even want to eat, and because of that my defense was going down and down, which was not good at all for my illnesses. However, since I had a studio recording I used to make beats, so I asked my brother to synchronize my iPad with some of the projects I have done it, and bring it to me. Once I got it I downloaded a beats maker application named â€Å" Fruit Loops Mobile â€Å", which I was going to use to work with the projects I had. I started of doing corrections and improvements on my beats, spending almost all the time of my days listening to my music on my iPad. The concentration and dedication I putted to listen to my music every day and make every effect sounds great, walked my mind away into a certain point that I forgot I was not home or I had a disease. The medications I had to take every two hours, the nurse routine of checking my defense every day or having my mother on top of me so I could eat right were not a way to annoy me, as long as I was able to listen to my music I was pleasure to do everything they said. After all, I left the hospital in only 10 days, which was at least 4 days, less than what we all expected. With this personal example, I proved that music therapy does promote benefits to health. In addition, I found that music helps people to keep a stable behavior and stay them away from stress. I remember when I was in the hospital; there was a lady next to my room who suffered of depression. I felt bad for the girl because nobody was coming to visit her; therefore, she was always crying and screaming that nobody loves her. It was a really sad, I felt empathy for her. However, that could not disturb my mind, once I started of listening to music I forgot about the world. It is like if I did not heard the lady screaming or crying, all that remains in my mind were waves of melodies from the songs and beats that I was listening to. It was all about the music. In conclusion, I truly agree with the author that music is an amazing medicinal therapy. I prove this with the two personal experiences I wrote down before. Besides a great method of relaxation, music also promotes good health for any person who consumes it at its best.

Holocaust Monuments, Memorials, and Public Demonstrations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1582 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Holocaust Essay Did you like this example? In the same way that a film or picture can evoke countless feelings and emotions from its audience, monuments, memorials, and public demonstrations have the same ability. The events of the Holocaust have created an everlasting impact on not only those affected and the future generations, but even cities and countries that were not directly affected. The Holocaust Memorial located in Marion Square in Charleston, South Carolina attracts hundreds of residents of the city and tourists from all across the globe among the duration of the day. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Holocaust: Monuments, Memorials, and Public Demonstrations" essay for you Create order Almost hidden in plain sight among the trees stands a memorial that provides purpose and displays a moving message that an unaware passerby may not understand if never visited before. Constructed in 1999 by architect and Jonathon Levi, the monument was built to commemorate the 19 Holocaust survivors who relocated to South Carolina. Levis design features three separate components to transcend even the terrible events of the mid-twentieth century; the place of assembly, a place meant to gather, and the place of remembrance (Boughton). The place of assembly features concrete steps facing the grass where gatherers come to commemorate the annual Yom Ha Shoah Ceremony (waymarking.com) The second component of the memorial is the sanctuary, where passerbys can reflect and can take a moment to think of the horrific events that revolutionized the twentieth century. It features a rectangular iron screen that sits seventeen feet high, sixty feet long, and twenty-five feet wide. Inside the screening lies a twelve-foot long tallit or Jewish shall that is worn during prayer or during burial. The abandoned tallit stands for those who have died as the screening represents a prison , synagogue, or concentration camp (e.g. see fig. 1). The final component, the place of remembrance is where plaques are displayed on a large concrete wall honoring originally twenty-four Holocaust victims, but since 2015, survivors and the (Fig 1.) The Holocaust Memorial located in Charleston, South Carolina features the iron fence and tallit. twenty-four concentration camp locations have been added to the list as well (Greuber). One of the plaques features a brief message describing the purpose of a tallit. It explains, The tallit is a four cornered garment worn by many Jews at prayer. It is customary for Jews to use the tallit as a burial shroud with one of its four fringes removed as a symbol of death and mourning. This is highly symbolic since it is traditional to be buried with this religious prayer shawl primarily for men, but women too who prayed with this garment. The abandoned shawl strategically placed in the memorial represents the fallen synagogues in Europe whose services were dismantled and striped away from its community. Although its physical size is overwhelming and its symbolic representation is as just, it can easily be overlooked if not consciously looking for it. Passing by the memorial on my runs, I was unaware of it ever existing until recently. Its unassuming and simple concrete walls which feature names of survivors and concentration camps locations prove that despite the under-bearing design, its symbolic meaning is greater than the physical aspect of it. The plaques are set in concrete, making it discreet enough for people walking along the street not to notice, but when the sunlight hits the area, illuminating the Holocaust victims names honored in the memorial (e.g. see fig. 2). After researching the purpose of the memorial, (Fig. 2) Two of the nineteen last names of the Holocaust survivors residing in South Carolina displayed at the Holocaust Memorial in Charleston, South Carolina. each component became more compelling and intriguing and is evidence of the saying, Vision is the art of seeing what is invisible to others. (Jonathon Swift). Without visiting the memorial, it wouldve remained in my memory as an unsuspecting, random architectural design located in Charleston, known for its art scene. After my experience, I have a newfound appreciation for the subtle but loud message of the pain and suffering of those who have been mistreated without having to witness the physicality of it. Our generation cannot empathize with these victims as we have not been through the same atrocities they have endured, but we can sympathize and make sure an act such as the Holocaust never occurs again. The survivors name are inscribed in the memorial which gives the audience a personal connection to those being honored. The article, Making the Memorial written by Maya Lin discusses the making of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial as she was the designer for it and how she was criticized for being impersonal about the incidents that occurred. She explains, I think as well the listing of names reflected a response by these designers to the horrors of World War I, to the immense loss of lifeThey [memorials] captured emotionally what I felt memorials should be: honest about the reality of war, about the loss of life in war, and about remembering those who served and especially those who died (Lin). Not only does this evoke emotions from any audience of a memorial, but with the Holocaust Memorial in Charleston, it seems to promote a sense of optimism listing survivors, instead of the millions of victims. A quote is placed above the names of the countries which reads, On that day, one who has escaped will come to you to let you hear it with your own ears. Ezekiel 24:26 (e.g. see fig. 3). (Fig. 3) A quote from Ezekiel 24:26 inscribed into a plaque located on a portion of the Holocaust Memorial located in Charleston, South Carolina. The living survivors are the only ones who can recount the experiences of concentration camps, even as they pass on, the stories they tell will be the tales that continue to impact the generations to come. In 2015, when a ceremony was held for the rededication of the memorial, Holocaust survivor Joe Engel spoke, Never again! Thats why we are all here, to remind ourselves, never again (Boughton). It seems as our duty as a society is to consistently remember the torture the survivors endured and the bravery and courage of all the survivors and those who have perished. One of the plaques explains that we must alert ourselves to the dangers of prejudice, to express our outrage at the scourge of racism, and to warn the world that racism can lead to genocide. The creator of this memorial purposely displayed plaques that are thought-provoking and sorrowful, but also to let us not forget that the exigence of prejudice and racism remains in our society today. Despite being constructed nearly two decades ago, the message is prevalent and fitting to the conflicts in the United States in 2018 with constant talk about police brutality among Blacks and prejudice against Muslims. In the piece The Effects of Public Memorials on Social Memory and Urban Identity constructed by Ebru Erbas Gurler and Basak Ozer, the writers discuss the impact of an audience and the location of a memorial. It states, Moreover, these memorials help tourists to carry this frame of mind back to their own countries and inspire them to establish a bond with similar crimes and problems today, whether faced in different societies or in different contexts (Gurler et al). The audience of the memorial isnt limited to the citizens of Charleston, but tourists and people of all ages and races visiting the city from all over the world. The message and purpose of the memorial can be taught to children of any gender, adults of any race, elders with any ailments. Prejudice is not accepted and it is irresponsible to be ignorant or forgetful of the crimes that happened on humanity during World War II. Not only does The Effects of Public Memorials on Social Memory and Urban Identity discus the significance of an audience and the location of a memorial, the writers discuss an essential point that correlates to the message of the Holocaust memorial. Public memorials, which remember the events and the pain they caused to the public through (civil) war, terrorism, genocide, etc. In our day, they are actually reflecting the psychological and sociological requirements of the societies on the landscape (Gurler et al). As discussed in their writing, it is implied that through the takeaway after visiting the Holocaust Memorial in Marion Square, it is our societys duty to be the voice of the previous generation who suffered and can longer share their story. We have to reflect upon the psychological and sociological requirements of Charlestons society to bring constant awareness and to never forget the events that coincided. The article written by James E. Young titled Memory and Counter-Memory compares different design approaches to Holocaust memorials and highlights its distinct differences. Both a monument and its significance are constructed in particular times and places, contingent on the political, historical, and aesthetic realities of the moment (Young). The Holocaust is a memory that is individual to each visitor who views the memorial in Marion Square. It reflects the time period during which the memorial was built. The events of the Holocaust are discouraging and haunting, the millions of those who have lost their lives from brutality have been encapsulated in memorials, photographs, and monuments constructed by architects, designers, and artists who have deemed it crucial to display their message to society. The symbolism of this memorial celebrates and honors the large population of Jewish faith still residing in Charleston, South Carolina. The Holocaust Memorial in Marion Square sheds light on the survivors and urges visitors to eternal recall the monstrosities conducted on human life.

Monteverdi, Vivaldi, Pachelbel, And Handel - 1708 Words

There are three big periods of music. These periods are Baroque, Classical, and Romantic. In these periods there were several different composers who helped shape that period. Here are but a few in each of the period. In the Baroque period, some composers are Vivaldi, Monteverdi, Pachelbel, and Handel. There, of course, are much more as these are just four composers. First, Vivaldi, his full name is Antonio Lucio Vivaldi. Vivaldi was born in 1678 and grew to be an Italian violinist and a composer. He was born with angina pectoris or chest pain due to heart disease caused by his heart not gaining enough oxygen, he was also born with asthma. Due to these conditions, he was known for running out of the church, but he was also known to run out†¦show more content†¦By the time Claudio was in his teens, he had already published several religious and secular music, but his music took a turn when he was employed by the Duke of Mantua. There he would meet Giaches De Wert who changed his music drastically. The change puts his music in a whole new direction. Monteverdi will later die in the year 1643. The last composer mentioned is Handel. Handel was a German composer who was born in 1685 and later became an English citizen in his later years. In Handel’s younger years his father did not wish for him to go into music due to thinking it would not create him enough money. Handel’s mother did approve through and helped him to study in secret. When Handel got older he would later, please his father by going to school to become a lawyer but later dropping out to pursue music, his passion. Handel suffered through several problems throughout the years. He struggled with anxiety and depression. He also suffered two strokes within the same year. Both of which he made a shockingly quick recovery. Also in his later years, he ended up losing sight in his left eye but that did not stop him as he continued to compose. Two years after losing sight in his left eye, he lost sight in his right eye. Despite being completely blind, he continued to compose depending on his memory of the notes to compose. In the Classical period, some composers are Haydn, Boccherini, Mozart, and Hummel. There, of course, are much more as these are just four composers.Show MoreRelatedThe Four Seasons By Antonio Lucio Vivaldi802 Words   |  4 PagesAntonio Lucio Vivaldi, outstanding composer of â€Å"The Four Seasons† and more specifically Gloria in Excelsis Deo, was born March the 4th 1678 and died July 28th 1741. Vivaldi was born in Venice, Italy: a city in northeastern Italy sited on a group of one hundred seventeen small islands separated by canals and linked by bridges. He died in Veinna, Austria, the capital and largest city of Austria, and one of the nine states of Austria, Vienna is also Austria s primary city. Antonio Vivaldi is a well knownRead MoreThe Baroque Period Essay884 Words   |  4 Pagesreached its peak of success between the 17th and 18th century. This time period is known as the Baroque period. Countless composers achieved immense success during this point in history, two of the most famous being, Johann Bach and George Frideric Handel. The first opera, oratorio, and cantata occurred during the Baroque period. Amazingly, most of the instruments used during the period, remain in use today. The Baroque period in music obviously played a tremendous role in the growth of music throughRead MoreEssay on The Baroque Period: Then or Now?1090 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant to first gain a better understanding of the period as a whole. Some of the most influential composers of the time include: 1. Johann Sebastian Bach 2. George Frederic Handel 3. Antonio Vivaldi 4. George Philipp Telemann 5. Arcangelo Corelli 6. Henry Purcell 7. Domenico Scarlatti 8. Jean-Philippe Rameau 9. Johann P achelbel 10. Giovanni Battista Sammartini (Green, 2014). The Baroque Period can be broken up into three main sections: Early, Middle and Late. In the Early Baroque Period, rhythm was

The Pioneers and Cars Essay - 949 Words

The Pioneers and Cars With the popularity of movies like The Fast and the Furious and its sequel Too Fast Too Furious, import car culture has now become mainstream. What had started out as a small subset of Southern California car culture has quickly become part of American culture. In the same way hot rodding of the 50s and muscle cars of the 60s was a cultural lifestyle of the youths of that era, the import scene is now the new car culture of our generation. Car culture runs deeply in California. Hot rodders and street racers daily cruise the streets, all started from Asian Americans love of import cars and racing. Since most Asian Americans in the late 70s and 80s drove Japanese imports, they could not compete†¦show more content†¦JoJo is one of the most consistent racers today. His times may not be the fastest but he is always expected to run well. Adam, who started AL Racing in his parents barn, is also consistent. He used to race the fastest street legal RX-7, was the first to race a tube chassis NSX, and now races a tube chassis, rear wheel drive Honda Civic SI for Honda of America. Ed, with the help of his brother Ron and Bergonholtz Racing, was the first front wheel drive to run the quarter mile in 10 seconds. Now he races a Mazda 6 for Mazda USA. The other side of the import car culture is show. All the import car shows that are put on today are modeled after Import Showoff, the original import car show that was started in 1995 and today is one of the most prestigious. It was started by Ken Miyoshi to showcase import cars that not only were fast but which were also artistic, much like the hot rod/custom car scene of domestics. Kens show has spawned the creation Hot Import Nights, Hot Import Daze, Import Revolution, Extreme Autofest, and all the other car shows happening nationwide. These show cars take a lot of time and energy to create. To win, your car must stand out from the hundreds of other cars in the hall. RJ De Vera knows how to stand out. RJ is a complex man. He has owned his own aftermarket parts mail order company, been a writer and photographer for Super Street magazine, starred in a television commercial, and was aShow MoreRelatedSuccess And Failure Of Technology Pioneers And Early Technology Market Leaders1316 Words   |  6 PagesFirst in, First to Fail? Success and Failure of Technology Pioneers and Early Technology Market Leaders To pioneer or follow is a fundamental consideration in a new venture entry strategy. If an opportunity exists ,is it best to ensure that you are first on market, or is performance sometimes enhanced through waiting and following? Bringing innovative products on market means ideology. 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Doctrine of Maintenance of Capital Organization

Question: Discuss about the Doctrine of Maintenance of Capital Organization. Answer: Introduction: This principle has been established under the provisions of the Corporations Act and Common Law to assist the organizations to preserve the capital of their corporation. A corporation should as s result not give away the capital, not to purchase any overvalued asset nor buyback the shares as they diminishes the capital of a organization. Therefore, the preservation of the capital was significant for all the employees who have invested in the organization and to those creditors who have given their money to the corporation on the basis of its financial feasibility. Also, an organization could diminish its capital and provide with financial aid if it abide by with the stringent Process of law. Any such reduction of capital must have the endorsement of the employees and be fully revealed. But, under section 588G the directors of an organization would be personally liable if a reduction of capital or financial assistance leaves the corporation bankrupt. In Trevor v Whitworth (1887) 12 App Cas 409 it was clearly stated that a corporation should not reduce its capital and must maintain it in a good manner. Under section 256A of the Act specifically states that the aim and objective of the rules behind the reduction of capital and buyback was designed to safeguard the interests of the shareholders by: Dealing with the risk of these dealings which leads a corporation to insolvency; Seeking to guarantee equality among the organization and its shareholders; Entailing a corporation to reveal all material data which was necessary. Under section 256B of Act, a corporation may diminish its share capital because it clearly persuades three major requirements. The major requirements in relation to the reduction of share capital states that there: Must be fair and rational reduction of capital towards the shareholders of the organization as a whole; Must not be any requirement regarding the diminution of capital which significantly prejudice the capability of the corporation to pay off its creditors; Must be a approval for the reduction which was expressly provided by shareholders under s 256C. It was also stated that a share for no price which would also be a share capital diminution. But Section 256B does not be appropriate to this diminution. Therefore, a share capital reduction must abide by with section 256B of the Act. The contravention of law would not be an offence and does not invalidate the dealing which was mentioned under section 256D (2) of the Act. But a civil penalty may be applicable under section1317E of the Act which could be made against directors who encourage the reduction of capital. Other share capital reductions would be provided for in sub section 258A 258F of the Act and they may fall outside the requirements of section 256B. These reductions may comprise of: Share capital reduction by unlimited corporations (s 258A) The organization having the privilege to grant a lease or privilege to live in property which belongs to the company. The company which pays the brokerage to an individual in respect of that individual who agrees to take up the shares in the company (s 258C). The key changes to the capital maintenance has been repealed on the grant of monetary aid by private corporations and the new-fangled out of tribunal diminution of capital process for private corporations, were to be incorporated. References Allens Linklaters, Changes To The Dividend Payment Rules, (21 June 2010), https://www.allens.com.au/pubs/cg/focgjun10.htm Brent Van Staden, What your company needs to know about the proposed amendments to the dividend regime, (26 October 2014), https://www.cbp.com.au/publications/2014/october/what-your-company-needs-to-know-about-the-proposed Langton Clarke, Share capital transactionsthe basics, https://www.mcmahonclarke.com/cmsAdmin/uploads/263035_001.pdf Michael Duffy, Submission To Camac On Shareholder Claims Against Insolvent Companies And Implications Of The Sons Of Gwalia Decision, https://www.camac.gov.au/camac/camac.nsf/byheadline/pdfsubmissions_3/$file/mduffy_sog.pdf

Nature versus Nurture

Introduction The human race has elicited many unrelenting controversies concerning the different aspects of its existence. These controversies often yield debates that sometimes develop from simple arguments aimed at understanding individual behavioral differences to become politically motivated disputes over distributive justice and societal power (McLeod par. 12).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nature versus Nurture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A prime example of this nature of debates is the debate on whether nature or nurture has a greater bearing on the development of the diverse individual behavioral differences that exist. This age-old debate neither shows any indication of ending soon nor identifying which of the two factors has more influence on behavioral differences. Researchers and scholars have conducted numerous studies over the same, but the have not settled this debate. This paper seeks to ex plore this debate in the light of a recent article that appeared in The Wall Street Journal, â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture: New Science Stirs Debate How Behavior Is Shaped; Who’s an Orchid, Who’s a Dandelion†, in a bid to establish what it adds to already existing body of literature on this controversy. A Synopsis of the Article The article in question, Nature vs. Nurture: New Science Stirs Debate How Behavior is Shaped; Who’s an Orchid, Who’s a Dandelion, featured in The Wall Street Journal on September 16, 2013 with Jonathan Rockoff as the author. The article opens by noting that researchers are moving closer to explaining how nature rather than nurture has more influence on human behavior as the extent of individuals’ sensitivity to external influences varies based on the biological composition of their nervous system (Rockoff par. 3). As such, some individuals are more susceptible to external influences than others are. Individuals that are m ore susceptible are termed as ‘orchids’ while the less susceptible types are termed as ‘dandelions’ (Rockoff par. 3). A baffling finding is that orchids will perform very poorly in adverse environments, but they will thrive under optimum conditions in contrast to dandelions (Rockoff par. 5). This observation was confirmed by a 2010 study in the Journal of Child Development, which showed children performing poorly under fighting parents, but became best performers under a happier home life. A study by the National Academy of Sciences also supports this position by asserting that under adverse economic conditions, environmentally sensitive mothers (orchids) were very harsh with their children, but under better economic circumstances, they parented their children better than non sensitive mothers (dandelions) (Rockoff par. 7).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Th ese findings have escalated the nature-nurture debate once again, but even so, a lot remains unknown over environmental susceptibility, and thus it is tentatively arguable that people have both orchid and dandelion traits to varying degrees. Critics have faulted the evidence provided noting that a more rigorous study is necessary. However, despite such calls from critics, an analysis of 15 studies, which incorporated up to 1200 children as conducted in 2011 by Dr. Van IJzendoorn among others, confirmed that dopamine production in an individual had a bearing on environmental susceptibility (Rockoff par. 20). An Analysis of the Article This article, like other literature on the nature-nurture debate, explicitly outlines the dilemma that researchers and other experts in the field of psychology find themselves in over the issue. Proponents of each side conduct their studies and attempt to pitch their side as the most influential on behavioral development. However, every time a researche r does this, critics find gaping holes in the explanations offered just like in this article. Eventually, the debate remains hanging in the balance without a clear concept of the side that has more influence on behavioral development. This article argues in favor of biological determinism by presenting empirical evidence from several studies, which seems to make it reputable, but critics refute it on the grounds of the credibility of the evidence presented. For instance, it is noted that orchids are susceptible to environmental influence, but the type of influence they are susceptible to is not specified. Assuming that they are susceptible to every form of influence that comes their way would be erroneous as noted by one of the critics (Rockoff par. 17). Personally, I do not agree with the research findings in the article because even though the studies were conducted, they do not present adequate ground for researchers to make the conclusions they made. It is true that dopamine mig ht influence environmental susceptibility as concluded in the article. However, the study also needed to specify the kind of susceptibility it influences because without this element, it follows that all orchids in the same surroundings are supposed to manifest identical traits. Concisely, the findings of the studies are incomplete and are thus unacceptable.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nature versus Nurture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The significance of this article insofar as the field of psychology is concerned stems from the fact it stimulates the minds of researchers towards an idea that might have eluded them for a long time. It points out the significance of dopamine in influencing environmental susceptibility among individuals. Though this point does not comprehensively explain how biological determinism plays a bigger role in dictating behavior, it begins to outline how the genetic code of an i ndividual affects how s/he interacts with the environment. In essence, it begins to indicate that nature does not influence behavior, but it determines how the individual interacts or s/he is affected by the environment. In this sense, both genetic composition and the environment interact to determine behavior. This perspective concurs with studies conducted by Evans (423-51) to determine the influence of the physical environment on behavior. The studies were conducted to find out the influence of noise, crowding, and the quality of housing and neighborhood on the behavior of children. The study of the influence of noise on behavior revealed that children’s reading abilities and cognitive development are adversely affected by noise through delays in the ability to read and interfering with long-term memory respectively. The studies also found out that teachers in noisy environments become more exhausted, irritable, and impatient with learners, thus affecting the cognitive dev elopment of learners. These studies clearly indicate that the physical environment has a significant bearing on the behavioral development of an individual. This assertion stems from the fact that noise had an effect on the students as well as teachers and crowding had an effect on both the child and the parent. The effect of these environmental factors on the child is magnified by the fact that the child is subjected to the direct influence of the factors coupled with the indirect influence that come from the influence of these factors on the teacher or parent. It is noteworthy to point out that though several children may be subjected to the same noise levels and same extent of crowding, their behavior patterns cannot turn out to be exactly similar. This observation implies that even though the environment may influence behavior as established by these studies, it can only do so depending on every individual’s unique personal characteristics. The effect of the environment i s the same on all, but the behavior of every individual will remain different even if there were some similarities. This assertion means that the influence of the environment combines with an individual’s unique trait to yield a certain behavior pattern. This aspect points to the flaws in the study by Evans (423-51) because it fails to consider that the same environmental factors can still yield different behavior patterns within a group.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion This paper sought to explore the article on Nature vs. Nurture by Rockoff in a bid to find its placement within the body of literature on this debate in the field of psychology. The article endeavors to pitch biological determinism as being superior to environmental influence insofar as behavioral development is concerned. A 2010 study in the Journal Child Development and a study by the National Academy of Sciences both espouse the idea that some individuals are more susceptible to environmental influence than others are as aforementioned. The article, like other literature on this subject, only adds to the confusion that already exists since critics of the studies that were cited in the article rightly refute the findings on the grounds of their credibility and authenticity. A careful consideration of the ideas espoused by the article and opponents of such ideas shows that the environment acts on an individual’s innate abilities to produce a unique pattern of beha vior for every individual. Works Cited Evans, Gary. â€Å"Child Development and the Physical Environment.† Annual Review of Psychology 57(2006): 423-451. Print. McLeod, Saul.  Nature Nurture in Psychology – Simply Psychology,  2007. Web. Rockoff, Jonathan. Nature vs. Nurture: New Science Stirs Debate – How Behavior Is Shaped; Who’s an Orchid, Who’s a Dandelion, 2013. Web. This essay on Nature versus Nurture was written and submitted by user Jorge Winters to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.